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♪

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>>This is a lab.

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Measuring instrumentation,

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probes,

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sensors,

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gas and liquid chemicals,

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computers...

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Yeah! This is a lab...

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But maybe not the lab
you would expect...

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Meet the NASA DC-8
airborne laboratory.

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>>The airplane is designed for
different instrumentation suites

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depending on the the
missions that we fly.

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We have multiple zenith

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ports that look up,

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we have multiple nadir

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ports that look down

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and, of course, many of
the window blanks there.

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>>There are 25 instruments
onboard the aircraft,

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not only from NASA,
but from many universities

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and other government labs
and organizations

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and together they paint
a picture of the atmosphere

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that can allow us

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to completely evaluate

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what emission
sources in the peninsula

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are contributing
to poor air quality

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and how the chemistry
actually works

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in terms of the outcome
at the end of the day

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when ozone and particles
are such a concern.

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>>This integration is about
as big as we do

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and, if you have seen
onboard the airplane,

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you can see it's very full
with all the racks

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and most of the windows covered
with the in-situ probes

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>>The KORUS-AQ campaign
will gather air quality data

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in and around the Korean
peninsula from multiple sources

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such as ground stations
and maritime sensors.

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However, the KORUS-AQ aircraft

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will be the ones to provide
the most detailed information

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over a larger geographical area
and at different altitudes.

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>>So in order to understand
how it all works

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we have several aircraft
that we have to fly.

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One is the one I'm
standing on right now

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the NASA DC-8.

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The DC-8's role is to measure
the atmosphere directly.

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From this aircraft we can
measure over 100

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different compounds
in the atmosphere.

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>>The airplane flies
as easily at 500 ft

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as it does at higher altitudes.

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That enables us to do
both remote sensing,

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which is using radars...
or LIDARs...

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as well as we can fly lower.

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We can do vertical profiles
with our in-situ sensors,

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which is currently what we
got mostly on this airplane.

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>>In order to understand the
atmosphere, there are

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many different molecules
that we have to measure.

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The satellite will not
see all of them.

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And so by being able to measure
what the satellite will see

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and, at the same time,
see all of the details

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we can begin to understand
what sources,

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what meteorologies and
what combinations of conditions

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will affect what we
see from space.

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>>By combining detailed
measurements from aircraft

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with those made by satellites,
we can get a better picture

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of pollutants in
our atmosphere.

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>>So this aircraft
carries instruments

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that work just like the
satellite instruments.

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The higher we fly, the wider
the patch of earth we can see.

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>>During the campaign,
NASA King Air aircraft

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will mimic the measurements
future satellites will make.

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>>We fly at about 28,000 feet
and, at that altitude,

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we see about a 5 mile

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wide patch of ground.

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Like mowing the grass!

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We're trying to cover

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a patch on the ground

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continuously and make a map

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of what the pollutant
distribution looks like.

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>>So we have a small
King Air aircraft

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flying above all
throughout the day

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measuring the way
the future satellite

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will measure air quality.

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Meanwhile, the DC-8
flies underneath

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showing what the distribution of
pollution is above the ground.

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That allows us to understand
how to connect

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what the satellite sees
with what's at ground level.

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>>KORUS-AQ has in its team
two smaller aircraft equipped

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with atmospheric chemistry
measuring instrumentation.

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a King Air from
NASA Langley Research Center,

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and a King Air provided to the

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Korean National Institute for
Environmental Research

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by Hanseo University.

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>>HANSEO King Air aircraft is
relatively similar to NASA DC-8.

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It can freely access

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sources of pollution

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and measure air quality

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in the capital territory

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that cannot be
approached using the DC-8.

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>>Working all together, scientists
from the KORUS-AQ campaign,

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will provide valuable data and
test the technologies needed

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to better understand air quality

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and the flow of pollutants
within our atmosphere.

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>>We can only fly the planes
for a very short period

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but the details

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that you get from the aircraft,

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help inform the observations

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from space and from the ground

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and how models can
interpret those observations.

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>>From this mission
we will have better models

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and better mission
data for Asia.

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And so we'll be able to
extend the usefulness of this

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well beyond South Korea

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to other developing cities

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around the world.